Light chain deposition disease presenting as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a case report

Fabio Fabbian¹ , Nevio Stabellini¹ , Sergio Sartori² , Paola Tombesi² , Arrigo Aleotti³ , Maurizio Bergami¹ , Simona Uggeri¹ , Adriana Galdi¹ , Christian Molino² and Luigi Catizone¹

¹Renal Unit, St. Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy

²Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

³Electron Microscopy Service§ University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

author email corresponding author email

Journal of Medical Case Reports 2007, 1:187doi:10.1186/1752-1947-1-187


Published:	29 December 2007

Abstract

Introduction

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) can involve the heart and cause severe heart failure. Cardiac involvement is usually described in the advanced stages of the disease. We report the case of a woman in whom restrictive cardiomyopathy due to LCDD presented with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency department because of palpitations. In a recent blood test, serum creatinine was 1.4 mg/dl. She was found to have high blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. An ACE-inhibitor was prescribed but her renal function rapidly worsened and she was admitted to our nephrology unit. On admission serum creatinine was 9.4 mg/dl, potassium 6.8 mmol/l, haemoglobin 7.7 g/dl, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide 29894 pg/ml. A central venous catheter was inserted and haemodialysis was started. She underwent a renal biopsy which showed kappa LCDD. Bone marrow aspiration and bone biopsy demonstrated kappa light chain multiple myeloma. Echocardiographic findings were consistent with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Thalidomide and dexamethasone were prescribed, and a peritoneal catheter was inserted. Peritoneal dialysis has now been performed for 15 months without complications.

Discussion

Despite the predominant tubular deposition of kappa light chain, in our patient the first clinical manifestation of LCDD was cardiac disease manifesting as atrial fibrillation and the correct diagnosis was delayed. The clinical management initially addressed the cardiovascular symptoms without paying sufficient attention to the pre-existing slight increase in our patient's serum creatinine. However cardiac involvement is a quite uncommon presentation of LCDD, and this unusual case suggests that the onset of acute arrhythmias associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy and impaired renal function might be related to LCDD.